A low level is possible if you made use of purchased Holy Waters in Chapter 3 in order to avoid battles, and keep Torneko dead most of the time in Chapter 5. The third chapter of Dragon Quest IV puts you in the shoes of Torneko, a small-town merchant with big-town aspirations. This game focuses mainly on Torneko or Taloon. The first few phases weren’t too bad but by the final stretch 5 out of my 8 party members were dead. Snap Judge/Snap Judge. The cast in Dragon Quest Heroes II is composed of a wide variety of characters from the series as well as a good blend of new folks mixed in. Hero, Borya, Kiryl, <rotate> In the rotate position I would use: Meena if I needed her defensive skills or wanted to try my luck with Silver Tarot CardsWas there a way to make money on that part? Heh. 80000A14 03E7. Level. They came. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. Torneko's Shop Unlockable Items. Have both Meena and. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko is a jerk. TheGuidingLight 15 years ago #3. For Dragon Quest Characters: Torneko no Daibouken 3 Advance - Fushigi no Dungeon on the Game Boy Advance, GameFAQs has game information and a community message board for game discussion. When you are working at Lakanaba weapon shop, sometimes a customer will sell a Cautery Sword. At the beginning of Chapter 3, Tessie lives with her family in Lakanaba as Torneko tries to earn enough money to move them out of the backwater and open a shop of their own, taking care of their son when he's away and dutifully making a packed. In the Dragon Quest III class system, Taloon has elements of both a merchant and a gadabout. 94000130 fffb0000. This Lego model has over 16,400 pieces and is 41”x41”. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen; Money, it's what I want (Spoilers, I guess). He can steal from any enemy still on the screen. Dark-Grinch 15 years ago #1. Board. I'm in Chapter 5 and I really miss that aspect of the game. damn you Torneko chapter Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Torneko and Meena from Dragon Quest IV, Carver from Dragon. Eventually you'll have enough money to collect Cautery Swords in bulk. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the iOS (iPhone/iPad), a GameFAQs message board topic titled "I hate Torneko Taloon. It is the third Dragon Quest spin-off game in the Mystery Dungeon series. But it still surprised me. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko". I read an old post that the DS version it was tough to get. 800F66AC E0FF. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. 4 Shields;. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "So what do I do with the Cautery Sword now after I buy it with Torneko?". รายละเอียดเว็บไซต์ - บทสรุป บทสรุปเกม สูตรเกม สูตรโกง รวมสูตรโกง เทคนิคการเล่น- เว็บรวมบทสรุปเกม สูตรเกม เช่น game online,facebook,psp,Xbox360,wii,ps3,ps2,nds,pc,SFC,FF,MD,console,walkthroughFor Dragon Warrior IV on the NES, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko chapter". Go ahead and get your Nintendo DS and. But here is the. I was really hoping that it would still be available as a means of getting money and rare equipment. 5) should I reload and get the max money before moving on? Don't max out your money. As you wake up, Tessie. Travelling with Ragnar and Healie to get used to the basic mechanics felt just as fun as learning how to make money with the merchant Torneko. Cheats. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. I had them around level 10 when I finished Chapter 4. Have Torneko in the front of the party: Chapter 4 battle music in Chapter 5 and 6: Have both Meena and Maya in the front of the party:The best weapons include the Liquid Metal Sword, Flail of Destruction, Gringham Whip, Miracle Sword, Falcon Knife Earrings, Falcon Blade, and the Poison Needle. Developed by Chunsoft, this was the first entry in the long-running. Alena, Kiryl, or Borya at front of party. However in Dragon Quest V, VI, and XI, there are 5 rows which increases the chance of getting 3 or more in a row. Chapter 4 battle music in Chapter 5 and 6. It can happen multiple times in a battle, and you get the item each and every time it. Toruneko (or w/e his name is) can solo chapter 3 without the help of the mage or warrior easily. You will lose it all after moving on to the next chapter. Guides. Have Torneko in the front of the party. Product Information. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. For Torneko: The Last Hope on the PlayStation, GameFAQs has 5 guides and walkthroughs, 16 cheat codes and secrets, 7 reviews, and 1 save game. Also Known As: • Dragon Quest Characters: Torneko no Daibouken 2: Fushigi no Dungeon (JP) Franchises: Torneko. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. will the money you make from selling them be enough. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad). Torneko's Great Adventure or Torneko no Daiboken, fully Torneko no Daiboken: Fushigi no Dungeon (トルネコの大冒険 不思議のダンジョン, translated as Torneko's Great Adventure: Mystery Dungeon) is a spinoff of the Dragon Quest series starring Torneko Taloon, one of the main protagonists of Dragon Quest IV. News. The idea is to gain 60000 Gold to be able to. In this game, you take command over a large party of characters spread across different storylines in order. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "What do you think the percent chance of Torneko stealing at any time is?". Yangus, the protagonist. The best outcome is to buy 99 of every item available in Chapter 3 and fill all of Torneko's items slots with Cautery Swords, and then getting as much gold as you can carry. He can steal from any enemy still on the screen. Dragon Quest IV in Brass: APCG-4007: Dragon Quest IV, March: APDG-4001: Dragon Quest IV on Electone: APCG-4008: Dragon Quest IV CD Theater Vol. The Five Chapters. Have Alena, Kiryl, or Borya in the front of the party. From the orchestral tracks, the only difference with the original release is that the two melodies from track. Main Walkthrough. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. Tessie is a very loving wife who is tolerant of Torneko's wanderlust and constant forays far from home. 105 Codes Found. The bag has infinite space and items will stack on top of each other in it, to a max of 99. 020C7DD0 000F423F. The problem is, at this point you cannot farm anymore money from. 1. 2. Just keep trying and you will get it, it took me an unusually long time to get it as well. I dare say it'll take me forever to earn enough for meteorite armbands in this version. Unlock Chapter 3 World Map Music: Torneko at front of party. 1: Give plenty of stuff to the wife to sell. Cheats. Cheats. Get it. I usually didn't get it until about 20 days in (give or take), back on the NES. It is the third Dragon Quest spin-off game in the Mystery Dungeon series. Board Messages. getting it makes the money making strategy much easier and having cautery swords early in. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES PlayStation. In Japan, he was also featured in the games Torneko's Great Adventure and Torneko's Great Adventure 3. Torneko chapter Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Posted July 2, 2012. Reviews. The story unfolds in the village as you interact with the town's inhabitants and gather information to help you in your quest. ValimorDark 15 years ago #1. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES PlayStation. After all the usual teenagers, edgy badasses, or pretty girls you tend to see as party members in JRPGs i loved that DQ4 turned around and said what about a middle aged overweight family man. Need help in earning GOLD while NOT leveling Toruneko. I spent about an hour or so at the Monster Arena in the Endor casino, and eventually won 60000 + tokens. The Slot Machines in Dragon Warrior IV NES and Dragon Quest IV DS has 3 rows bets up to 5 coins and a small return for each win. So please tell me, what is your experience with Chapter 3 in DQ IV. Every now and then, however, someone will come in and try to sell something to Torneko. for those of you who did the Chapter 3 trick to get a lot of money when Torneko joins you in Chapter 5. I took the ship to the town where Hoffman leaves but Torneko stays on the ship. View Poker Results. Notify me about new: Guides. Dragon Quest: Mirai o Mezashite / Niji no Brand-New Day. Is a bit too easy to get tons of money. Blouge said his stealing tip had Toruneko at Level 1 with 0 Experience. Enemies drop more items when Torneko leads Tip 3: Every character. Some times he trips and crits, sometimes he steals. I am looking for the following monsters. Questions. And although the king of Endor gives him permission to set up shop after he plays the invaluable role of messenger, he has to raise 35,000 gold to. Have Ragnar in the front of the party. Add this game to my: Favorite Games. Mild spoiler for chapter 3 of DQ4 below. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad). In the re-releases, this setting can be. Chapter 3 world map music. Description: World of Dragon Warrior: Torneko: The Last Hope is a Roguelike/RPG video game published by Enix Corporation released on November 15th, 2000 for the Sony PlayStation. Board. Torneko Taloon is a character in the Dragon Quest series that appears as a playable party member in Dragon Quest IV and main character in Torneko: The Last Hope, Torneko no Daibōken: Fushigi no Dungeon, and Dragon Quest Characters: Torneko no Daibōken 3 . 16-megabit SFC cartridge. Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy in Fortune Street Portable for PSP has a nearly complete translation patch. You're browsing the GameFAQs Message Boards as a guest. Torneko Taloon is a character in the Dragon Quest series that appears as a playable party member in Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen and main character in Torneko: The Last Hope, Torneko no Daibōken: Fushigi no Dungeon, and Dragon Quest Characters:. Media. How to Unlock. You can find my first post on the game here. Make a ton of money. Then. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Smacd 14 years ago #1. Of course, I was nowhere near having any sort of money to buy ANY equipment, much less the Cautery Sword, so I had to let it go. Q&A. My character Torneko is on level 8 and have 20,187 gold coins. Tessie Taloon (Neta in the NES version; Nene in Japanese), Torneko 's wife, is a character from Dragon Quest IV . As you wake up, Tessie gives you a Lunch, as she does every day. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen walkthroughs on SuperCheats - WalkthroughHopefully, we will see an affordable digital release of the game at some point in the future. Dragon Quest IV (DS) Dragon Quest V (DS) Dragon Quest VI (DS) Dragon Quest I (MOB) Dragon Quest II (MOB) Dragon Quest III (MOB) Dragon Quest 25th Anniv (Wii). Torneko. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Is Torneko worth using at all?" - Page 2. I didn't have much trouble, though the boss's Desperate Attack could one-hit kill anyone except Torneko. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. Max/Infinite Money: 020C7DD0 000F423F: KodeWerx: Experience x4: 9212821A 00003008 0212821C 00806CC0 D2000000 00000000: KodeWerx:Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen (DS) Why I am not winning the casino tokens when I go through the tunnel made by Torneko? I'm in chapter 5 and I'm going through the tunnel built by Torneko and I'm not winning the 100 tokens, anybody has a clue to why is that happening?For some reason I thought it would be possible to for him to stand behind a counter later in the game and play shopkeep, as a means of buying and selling weapons and armor. Chapter 2 World Map music. I beat the final boss at level 38-42 for my main party, the characters I didn't use much were between 30-34. I do not plan on getting 99 cautery swords (sword of malice was such a cooler name BTW), just enough to keep Torneko's wife happy, :) PSN - smokemonster1, 3DS Friend code - 2294-4092-0519. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES PlayStation. Add this game to my: Favorite. Any gold Torneko carries at the end of Chapter 3 will DISAPPEAR, making it useless. Chapter 4 world map music. Ragnar and Torneko do good with the flail, Alena loves the earrings, and I prefer Meena to use the whip. Reviews. Chapter 1 world map music. I got the key to enter the castle with my hero at level 13 but I found out that this boss is unbeatable at this stage. Reviews. She minds her husband's shop while he is away. She wears red and white with a blue pendant and orange ribbon. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "damn you Torneko chapter" - Page 3. Dragon Quest 4 for Nintendo DS Pro Action Replay Codes. Then when the casino opens, trade the gold for coins (you can't buy anything else anyway), and then complete the chapter. The first entry in the Mystery Dungeon series, the game features Torneko, a merchant from Dragon Quest IV, and his adventures around the Mystery Dungeon in search of items. Whatever you choose to call him. Also Known As: • Dragon Quest Characters: Torneko no Daibouken 2: Fushigi no Dungeon (JP) Franchises: Torneko. Just beat the story, did some quests to unlock some stuffs and the next task on my list to tackle is experience farming and proficiency farming. Guides. Underrated dragon quest game, this is absolutely goated. It's randomly selected (and again, normally sold, so no Cautery Swords will ever drop). News. 2)The best weapon in Chapter 3 is available only through standing at the counter. Chapter 1 world map music. XGamer80 13 years ago #2. The wait is over. In gratitude, Torneko agrees to help them with the monster. Ragnar at front of party. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES. Sure he doesn't have much power nor many abilities, but he can steal in battle, has the highest critical rate pre-40, where Alena pulls out ahead of him, and keeps. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Possible Spoilers". . Reviews. Far to the north of Endor, it is located across a strait to the. Gender:Male. I am about to fight and i am getting pwned. Nintendo DS Game Card. Have Ragnar in the front of the party. . He'll do random stuff whether you control him or you put him in the hands of the AI. Board Messages. I wrote this guide using the latest version of the Fan Translation (0. Hero, Borya, Kiryl, <rotate> In the rotate position I would use: Meena if I needed her defensive skills or wanted to try my luck with Silver Tarot Cards Was there a way to make money on that part? Heh. 2. If you're an item collector (and want to keep the statue) you can battle monsters and sell their dropped items including selling armour for more than the normal price to the merchant. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES PlayStation. - How can I play slots like Torneko on a Discount Shop? [Torneko is a poor merchant from DragonQuest IV who became the gold pimp in the end of the game, and is known throughout the series as a treasure hunter merchant extraordinaire]Nope, you cannot sell anything that way in Chapter 5, only in Chapter 3. Its too bad though, that was my favorite part of the game. News. Torneko- 2. Just having him attacking. Torneko and Alena in your party for this cheat to work. News. Board Messages. Board Messages. I'm currently buying and selling Astrea's Abacus's at Torneko's shop. Have Alena, Kiryl, or Borya in the front of the party. Let's just say that you have 3 ways to make fast money on. 7. Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. Figuring Ragnar's end results would be a good. A traveling merchant, Torneko's usual goal is to expand the inventory of his shop by procuring rare items, often by traversing dungeons and fighting monsters on his own or with his family. Possible Spoilers". 2. Allows Game to Play in a Mod-Chip System. It's likely been known since the Famicom/PSX version, anyway, this method consists of having Torneko's shop purchased in Ch. Overall it took a little over an hour. (SPOILERS) Experience sharing. Android iOS (iPhone/iPad) NES PlayStation. ; Poppy, a young plant kid who helps Yangus. Amalgam Universe resident Born in 82. . When, or. Have Ragnar in the front of the party. It is a Mystery Dungeon game and contains randomly generated dungeons and uses turn-based action combat. (a horrible skeleton Kasaping mishap), so I decided not to leave until I made the money back. Cheats. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "You're useless, Torneko!" - Page 2. Some of his moves include an instant-critical hit, tripping monsters so they lose a turn, throwing sand at their face to blind them (lowering their accuracy), covering monsters' mouth while they are casting to cancel their spells (he does that even in the monster arena O_o), and also stealing treasures randomly. Torneko's Great Adventure is the first spin-off game in the Dragon. Torneko Question Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . The chapter follows Torneko from his hometown of Lakanaba to his journey beyond the Trans-Montane Tunnel. Monster Locations needed. Everything in your inventory and your bag will carry over to chapter 5. Best way I had was using the monster arena. At the beginning of. In the re-releases, this setting can be changed to "Follow Orders", which allows. Questions. Hilarious way to make money. Chapter 4 battle music in Chapter 5 and 6. Only if you want easy money in Chapter 5. Then sell all 99 back to any shop. Story []. Buy them for 1500 in Endor, and go to the other castle and sell them to the guy buying armor for at least 1800. Torneko's Great Adventure: Mystery Dungeon is a 1993 role-playing video game by Chunsoft. Sparkie is ok if you're under leveled I guess but not worth the randomness. Chapter 1 world map music. Torneko no Daibōken: Fushigi no Dungeon (Japanese: 不思議のダンジョン トルネコの大冒険) (loose translation: Torneko's Great Adventure: Mysterious Dungeon) is the first game in the Mysterious Dungeon series. 2. 2. He has a wife and son in the small village of Lakanaba and works at a nearby weapon shop. In. Q&A. 5 posts, 6/16 11:47AM. Cheats. After the Hero is separated from Maya and Meena in the Con Cave. Board. Questions. You cannot have more than one stack of 99 of anything in the bag. Questions about Torneko's quest. The other themes are played by putting the other characters in front of the party: Ragnar for chapter 1, Alena, Kyril or Borya for chapter 2, Torneko for chapter 3, and Meena or Maya for chapter 4. Save most of your money between chapters 1-4!For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko chapter - Bought items dont appear in bag". 2: Rest at an inn. Have both Meena and Maya in the front of the party. damn you Torneko chapter Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Third sentence of point 3 is "once you have Endor on the wing list, there is no longer any reason to be in the field until the cave at the very end", meaning, the cave you fund to build, not the statuette one you do not need to ever set foot in. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Monetary question. Well, this is an interesting hack. Press SELECT for Max Casino Tokens. It was removed in Dragon Quest VI (and remakes of some of the older games) in favor of using a bank and The Bag. I just finished up Dragon Quest III on the SNES so we pretty much finished the Edrick/Loto/Roto Trilogy. Or Warrior, but he pulls off pink so damn well with that manly beard that Pimp is the only. When you can first control Torneko your supposed to work for his boss. And although the king of Endor gives him permission to set up shop after he plays the invaluable role of messenger, he has to raise 35,000. Here is my way of getting the best out of the. Tessie Taloon Torneko's wife, is a character from Dragon Quest IV. With three strong party members to back him up, Torneko can do some pretty cool stuff. The prize for completing the book is 300,000 tokens On a side note, the reported appearance rates don't always mean that much One day you may find a monster pop up over the half the time (in, say, 40 battles) then the next day it's a struggle to find it again (taking more than 15 battles in the same place to get it again) The results are random. Now spend ALL 60,000 on as many Cautery Swords then sell them to Torneko's wife and repeat the process till you have like 500,000 in cash to spend. He uses his money to build a ship and head out over the great sea to explore lands unknown. —Torneko, when he appraises horse manure. dragon quest 4 torneko money cheat Dragon Quest IV DS Torneko Taloon Chapter 3 FAQ. Chapter 4 battle music in Chapter 5 and 6. dance to reduce enemy's MP. The Vault is a special location which appears in Dragon Quest III, Dragon Quest IV and Dragon Quest V. (Track 1). I leveled my hero up all the way to level 16, some characters are at 17. on a side note after you get 99 sword of malice's. Torneko's money cheat. Q&A. Hero. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko Chapter (3 I think)". His NES sprite looked less ugly. When they join the Hero in Chapter 5, the other party members become NPC characters that are only controlled by the "Tactics Command". Board. Chapter 3 world map music - Have Torneko in the front of the party. Endor features a variety of different shops and businesses, including a casino and eventually, a vault/bank. The oldest one named Maya is a dancer, while the younger one, Meena, is a fortune teller. Reviews. Need money and exp. 020c7dd8 3b9ac9ff. The only worthwhile NPCs are Healie/Doc in CH 1 and Oojam in CH4. The first game of the series was released in Japan in 1986 on the Nintendo Entertainment System, and Dragon Quest games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America, Europe and Australia, on. Guy gets weak kneed. Taloon on the frontlines of battle because… he’s a combination of a Merchant and a. Anyway, I finally reach the desination area: Castle BALLYMORAL But I did get Prince's letter,. Torneko's random effects 4; Mysterious Abbey 1 » view all threads. Boards. The game was co-developed by Chunsoft and Matrix Software and published by Enix. Tess is a very loving wife who is tolerant of Torneko's wanderlust and constant forays far from home. Blouge 12 years ago #1. Torneko can make a ton of money from the shop he opens later in the chapter. Board Messages. I actually beat the first dungeon (guess this has multiple because that first was only 3 or 4 floors and then I. +95. For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "A question regarding a spell for Torneko (Spoilers)". Level. For the most part, I am looking for specific locations, ie which floor (or part. Reply goatgoats24. Notify me about new: Guides. Meena and Maya at front of party. Have Alena, Kiryl, or Borya in the front of the party. Every time you do something, it is considered a "turn". For Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Torneko Chapter End Question (Spoilers0". 0 of Dragon Quest X. Chapter 3 world map music. Our first story begins with Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen. Menu. Akiko Sekine ( CD Theater ) " Ah, ye're a fine article, so y'are, Torneko Taloon! Our very own shop! Oh, 'tis a dream come true, so it is!. Posted July 2, 2012. 6 Dragon Quest Monsters 2: Iru and Luca's Marvelous Mysterious KeyTorneko: The Last Hope is a 1999 role-playing video game for the PlayStation. Only big loss is the lack of party chat, so for that reason id recommend mobile. The chapter opens with Torneko being awakened by his wife, Tessie. . News. Torneko, along with his wife and son, are recovered by the villagers of a small island. Orifiela has long brown hair and white wings. I read online that you can buy the Cautery Sword for the shop in your village and then buy it from the shop yourself later. The casino used to be the source of fantastic wealth and now it's pretty unimpressive. Must be in Chapter 5 with Torneko and his ship. In Japan, the game was ported to the Game Boy Advance in 2001. Just having him attacking. The game was also released for the Game Boy Advance, called Dragon Quest Characters: Torneko no Daiboken 3 Advance, in 2004. I wish another damn sword would drop already so I can quit and fight to get my gold. Board Topics. So far I managed to get 13x Steel Broadsword; i am planning to get 4 more then SELL all 16x Steel Broadsword & keep 1 for myself. They are the main characters of the story, and are controllable party members during their introduction chapters (Chapters 1-4). So anyway I cant rest at the inn to make it morning and when i go outside I just die because torneko has crap armour and no weapon. Hacks. Buy them for 1500 in Endor, and go to the other castle and sell them to the guy buying armor for at least 1800. 4: Give the new stuff to the wife to sell, while getting the profits for the previous day. Board Topics. Chapter 2 world map music. If you purchased the Cautery Sword in Lakanaba's Weapon Shop you can purchase that and sell it at Talon's shop in Endor to net 5250 Gold per sale. A question regarding a spell for Torneko (Spoilers) Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen DS . Afterall in a time of darkness most women aren't as cleanly, as happy, or as hot unless they're working for the casino. 10 Dragon Quest Swords: The Masked Queen and the Tower of Mirrors. Meena Mahabala is a playable character from Dragon Quest IV, as a member of the Chosen. The Gadabout is one of the two advanced vocations available in version 4. Meena is nearly the spitting image of Maya, her older sister. Chapter 4 Battle Music. Add this game to my: Favorite Games. Philip027 15 years ago #2. DQ Characters Torneko's Great Adventure 3 Mystery Dungeon PS2. I'm fairly certain it does, but I'd rather not risk it when trying to get something good so I try to keep a space or three open. What you want to do is spend all of your gold on equipment. Board Topics. its a fox villiage, the master tricksters, dont buy em, and they are steel broadswords, i think, not iron. Torneko should be at a very low level.